hacker

In computing, a hacker is a person in one of several distinct (but not completely disjoint) communities and subcultures:^[1]

• A community of enthusiast computer programmers and systems designers, originated in the 1960s around the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)'s Tech Model Railroad Club (TMRC) and MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.^[2] This community is notable for launching the free software movement. The World Wide Web and the Internet itself are also hacker artifacts.^[3] The Request for Comments RFC 1392 amplifies this meaning as "[a] person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular." See Hacker (programmer subculture).
• The hobbyist home computing community, focusing on hardware in the late 1970s (e.g. the Homebrew Computer Club^[4]) and on software (computer games,^[5] software cracking, the demoscene) in the 1980s/1990s. The community included Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Bill Gates and created the personal computing industry. See Hacker (hobbyist)^[7].

• People committed to circumvention of computer security. This primarily concerns unauthorized remote computer break-ins via a communication networks such as the Internet (Black hats), but also includes those who debug or fix security problems (White hats), and the morally ambiguous Grey hats. See Hacker (computer security).

Today, mainstream usage of “hacker” mostly refers to computer criminals, due to the mass media usage of the word since the 1980s. This includes what hacker slang calls “script kiddies,” people breaking into computers using programs written by others, with very little knowledge about the way they work. This usage has become so predominant that the general public is unaware that different meanings exist. While the self-designation of hobbyists as hackers is acknowledged by all three kinds of hackers, and the computer security hackers accept all uses of the word, people from the programmer subculture consider the computer intrusion related usage incorrect, and emphasize the difference between the two by calling to security breakers “crackers” (analogous to a safecracker).

Sur college of applied sciences

INTRODUCTION 

 The Department of International Business Administration, Sur College of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Higher Education, Sultanate of Oman, in collaboration with Programme Director, BIBA and Heads of International Business Department at Ibri, Nizwa, Rustaq, Sohar and Salalah, will hold a two-day international symposium on 21 and 22 February, 2010. The main focus of the Symposium will be on strategies for sustainable business development.  The symposium will provide an opportunity for presentation and dialogue between businesses and educators to successfully develop leaders able to compete and manage the change brought about by globalization.   Sustainability, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure. It can be defined as the ability of an ecosystem to maintain ecological processes, functions, biodiversity and productivity into the future. In ecology, the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time. For humans it is the potential for long-term maintenance of wellbeing, which in turn depends on the wellbeing of the natural world and the responsible use of natural resources. (Source: Wikipedia) Sustainability acquires more importance in the field of business development in view of the growing concept of globalization. In a country like Oman which is facing the challenge of oil-depletion, sustainability becomes the need of the hour. Oman is a country whose economy is completely based on oil revenues. It is estimated that by 2020, the petrol reserves in Oman will deplete to an alarming low level. There is also a possibility that before the oil is fully exploited for the purpose of economic development, a substitute of oil will be invented by the researchers. In such a situation, the economy of Oman, along with many others, will be in great danger.  At a time when the interdependence amongst the countries is growing rapidly, businesses in Oman need to develop strategies to cope with the challenge. Smaller economies, such as Oman, will have to face a greater challenge than others. The symposium will focus its deliberations on such a burning issue.  With the advent of the new world, new challenges have come into play. These challenges focus on sustaining a business and pursuing it further to the state of constant excellence. The need of the hour is to create a different approach to management so as to apply various strategies to business for growth and development. The New World Order has been used to describe such diverse contemporary issues as balance of power, economic interdependence, fragmentation and the rise of nationalism, and technology advancement and integration. The strategies for sustainable business development need to be formulated for managing in the new world order. 

About Sur College of Applied Sciences-

In view of the growing demand for degree programmes in newly emerging disciplines, the government of the Sultanate of Oman converted six of its Education Colleges into the Colleges of Applied Sciences. Sur College of Applied Sciences is one of them. The other five colleges are at Ibri, Salalah, Nizwa, Rustaq and Sohar. It offers, like other five colleges, degree programmes in the areas of International Business Administration, Communication Studies, Information Technology and Design.  

About The City- Sur 

Sur, a placid coastal town with its striking traditional dwellings is a pleasant place and one of the most important towns in the eastern region of the Sultanate of Oman. Sur is a 335 km drive from Muscat via the interior cuts through wadis (river beds) and passes of the Hajer Mountains. An alternate route shorter by 140 Km along the coast through the village of Quriyyat is adventurous and offers fabulous views of sparkling white beaches covered with multi-coloured shells, deep ravines, cliffs that fall dangerously into azure seas, rocks sculpted by wind and waves and lush green wadis. About 40 km beyond Sur lie the world famous beaches of R'as Al Hadd and R'as Al Jynz, where every year about 30,000 turtles come to lay their eggs.

IT Industry

Information technology, and the hardware and software associated with the IT industry, are an integral part of nearly every major global industry.
 

The information technology (IT) industry has become of the most robust industries in the world. IT, more than any other industry or economic facet, has an increased productivity, particularly in the developed world, and therefore is a key driver of global economic 

growth. Economies of scale and insatiable demand from both consumers and enterprises characterize this rapidly growing sector.

The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) explains 'information technology' as encompassing all possible aspects of information systems based on computers.

Both software development and the hardware involved in the IT industry include everything from computer systems, to the design, implementation, study and development of IT and management systems.

Owing to its easy accessibility and the wide range of IT products available, the demand for IT services has increased substantially over the years. The IT sector has emerged as a major global source of both growth and employment.